1. 定語(yǔ)的定義

定語(yǔ)用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ))或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，副詞，不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)也可以來?yè)?dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來?yè)?dān)任。單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語(yǔ)。

定語(yǔ)從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語(yǔ)的句子，定語(yǔ)從句要放在所修飾的詞后。

如：1) the man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) you must do everything that i do.

上面兩句中的man和everything是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why

關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;2、代替先行詞;3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。

2. 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇

1. 明確關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的不同作用

關(guān)系代詞which , that , who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語(yǔ)

關(guān)系副詞when , where, why在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，即定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，只缺時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)

2. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，明確句法成分

關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)還是作狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)鍵取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)觀察其后有無賓語(yǔ)。如果沒賓語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)考慮使用能充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which或that。如果句子中有賓語(yǔ)，就考慮關(guān)系副詞when或where等。

3.定語(yǔ)從句的三種功能

定語(yǔ)從句在句中相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，起定語(yǔ)的作用，修飾說明名詞、代詞或主語(yǔ)的全部?jī)?nèi)容。通常在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)(即先行詞)之后，由“關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)。定語(yǔ)從句的三種功能：

1.連接功能：連接從句，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句

2.指代功能：指代先行詞

3.語(yǔ)法功能：在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分

4. 關(guān)系代詞的用法

(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：

all the people that are Psent burst into tears.

(2) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：

this is the first composition that he has written in english.

(3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：

there are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.

(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：

he succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

(5) 如果作先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。

(6) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如：

the boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

(7) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：

is there anyone here who will go with you?

英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)筆記

"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)

(1) "介詞+關(guān)系代詞"可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。

(2) from where為"介詞+關(guān)系副詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：

we stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.

(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。例如：

this is the boy whom she has taken care of.

定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)也可以修飾部分或整個(gè)句子。

被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why, how。

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)又可做定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。

定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須在人稱上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。

定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1) who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))

he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday.(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

2) whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語(yǔ)，若指物，它還可以同of which互換).

例如：please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

3) which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等.

例如：a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))

the package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))

關(guān)系代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和who 都可以指人，其用法區(qū)別：

不用that的情況：

a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

(錯(cuò))the tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介詞后不能用

we depend on the land from which we get our food.

c) 多用who 的情況

①關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)

a friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

②先行詞為those, people 時(shí)

those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

③先行詞為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時(shí)

one who doesn‘t work hard will never succeed in his work.

④在there be句型中there is a stranger who wants to see you.

⑤在被分隔的定語(yǔ)從句中

a new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you german.

⑥在有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個(gè)以上的并列定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后一個(gè)必須重復(fù)前一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。

the student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.

there is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.

只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。

all that is needed is a supply of oil.

finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時(shí)，只用that。

he is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.

c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。

the first english book that i read was "the prince and the pauper" by mark twin.

d)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。

he talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.

e)當(dāng)主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時(shí)，用that 以避免重復(fù)。

who is the person that is standing at the gate.

f)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語(yǔ)

he is not the man that he used to be.

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用.

例如：

there are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

beijing is the place where (in which) i was born.

is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

i‘m surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.

注意：

①在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。

如：they set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep negroes as slaves.

②含有介詞短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞后面。

is this the book which (that) she was looking for?

③名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級(jí) + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

she has written a book , the name of which i have forgotten.

there are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.

there are five continents in the world , the largest of which is asia.

④as, which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的差別

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。

as we know, smoking is harmful to one‘s health.

the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。

as is know, smoking is harmful to one‘s health.

用法區(qū)別：

(1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。

as we all know, he never smokes.

(2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。

(3)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測(cè)、想象、預(yù)料等時(shí)。

she succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.

定語(yǔ)從句（attributive clauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

2）whose

用來指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換），例如：

they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。

3）which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，例如：

a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

the package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

1）when, where, why

關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：

there are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。

beijing is the place where (in which) i was born. 北京是我的出生地。

is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

2）that代替關(guān)系副詞

that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略，例如：

his father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

he is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。

一.定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)大全

二.定語(yǔ)從句的that可以省略嗎

三.定語(yǔ)從句的作用

四.定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞用法

五.定語(yǔ)從句分類

六.怎么判斷定語(yǔ)從句

七.定語(yǔ)從句where用法

八.如何判斷定語(yǔ)從句

九.as可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句嗎

十.定語(yǔ)從句什么時(shí)候只能用that